Cavalry 101: The Legends, Battles, and Legacy of the U.S. Cavalry
By Reagan Johnson
When the bugle sounded and the dust kicked up on the frontier, you knew the cavalry was coming. Whether riding into battle or racing to the rescue, the U.S. Cavalry has long been a symbol of grit, honor, and the unbreakable spirit of the American West.
INSP is bringing the cavalry back to the screen with a lineup of action-packed films, including Buffalo Soldiers (1997), 7th Cavalry (1956), Tomahawk (1951), and more—all featuring legendary cavalrymen in the thick of danger. Of course, we’re also proud to air classic Western films and shows featuring brave cavalrymen all year round.
Before the opening credits roll, let’s take a ride through the real history of the U.S. Cavalry—its origins, its heroes, and the battles that made it legendary.
Origins and Early Formation
The concept of mounted troops predates the formal establishment of the U.S. Cavalry. During the American Revolutionary War, militia units on horseback provided rapid mobility, though no official cavalry branch existed. It wasn’t until 1833 that the U.S. Regiment of Dragoons was established, marking the beginning of an organized mounted force. These soldiers, trained to fight both on horseback and on foot, laid the foundation for what would become the U.S. Cavalry. The primary objective of the United States Cavalry Association is to preserve the history and traditions of the U.S. Cavalry Service.
Expansion and the Indian Wars
The need for a mobile military presence became paramount as America expanded westward. The cavalry was instrumental in exploring uncharted territories, protecting settlers, and engaging in conflicts known as the Indian Wars. Notably, the 7th Cavalry Regiment, commanded by George Armstrong Custer, played a significant role during this period, participating in numerous campaigns across the plains and deserts of the expanding nation.
Civil War Contributions
During the Civil War, cavalry units on both sides conducted reconnaissance, raided supply lines, and engaged in direct combat. Their ability to move swiftly allowed them to gather intelligence and execute surprise attacks. The war also highlighted the evolving tactics of mounted warfare, transitioning from traditional charges to more versatile roles, including dismounted actions. The 4th Cavalry Regiment, for instance, engaged in campaigns across most of the Western Theater, with varying tactics and techniques required depending on which state and landscape.
The Buffalo Soldiers
In 1866, Congress established six all-Black regiments, two of which were cavalry: the 9th and 10th Cavalry Regiments, famously known as the Buffalo Soldiers. These units served with distinction in the Indian Wars, earning numerous Medals of Honor. Their legacy speaks to the courage and perseverance required to fight against adversity in the formation of our nation.
Transition to Modern Warfare
The early 20th century brought significant changes to military tactics and technology. With the advent of mechanized warfare, the traditional horse-mounted cavalry faced obsolescence. By 1942, the U.S. Army had begun to disband its horse cavalry units, transitioning to armored divisions throughout most of World War II. However, the cavalry spirit endured, and the practice evolved to new forms, such as the air cavalry, which used helicopters for rapid deployment during the Vietnam War.
Cultural Impact and Cinematic Legacy
The U.S. Cavalry has left an indelible mark on American culture, particularly in cinema. Films like She Wore a Yellow Ribbon (1949) and Fort Apache (1948) are credited with romanticizing the life of cavalry troopers, portraying themes of honor, duty, and adventure. These movies have helped to solidify public perception and support, embedding the cavalry’s legacy into the very fabric of American storytelling.
Enduring Legacy
Today, the traditions of the cavalry are preserved through ceremonial units and reenactments. The cavalry’s history is an important reminder of the military fortitude it took to build our great nation—and the enduring qualities of bravery and adaptability that have sustained it. As we commemorate their contributions, we honor the men and women who rode into history, forging a legacy that continues to inspire.